Презентация к уроку английского языка "Titanic"

Titanic

"Titanic" (eng. Titanic) - British transatlantic steamer, the second ship of the class "Olympic". Built in Belfast at the shipyard "Volkova & wolf from 1909 to 1912 by order of the shipping company white star Line". At the time of commissioning was the largest vessel in the world, its displacement over the boat-twin "Olympic" on 243 tons, was 52 310 so on the night of 14-15 April 1912 during the first flight crashed in the North Atlantic, faced with an iceberg.

Building. "Titanic" was assigned a serial number 401. Kiel "Titanic" was laid on March 31, 1909. The construction of the "Titanic" was conducted by the classical scheme: on the horizontal fin is mounted vertically. To him were fixed beams, connected by a riveted steel sheets that formed the flooring of the second floor. On either side of the keel beam stringers were installed to ensure longitudinal stiffness along the length of the body. In ships of class "Olympic" set of four of bottom stringers on each side between the central beam and extreme sheet. Apart from these, a future engine room to improve rigidity installe additional stringers. After the construction of the deck of the second floor perpendicular to the keel from the right and left side installed steel frames, which are profiled beams. Frames the right and left sides connected by transverse steel beams, which are mounted on the decking. The frame of the ship trimmed with steel plates 9 × 1,87 m thickness of 2.5 cm. The sheets were fastened with three rows of iron and steel rivets. Total for the construction of the "Titanic" took more than three million rivets. 75% rivets hammered by hand, others - with the help of hydraulic riveting gun.

The chief designer of "Titanic" Thomas Andrews.

Launching.

May 31, 1911 on the occasion of the descent of "Titanic" on the water on the waterfront Belfast gathered about 10 000 people. At a special podium near the body of the liner were guests of honor: the owner of the trust «IMM» J. P. Morgan, J. Bruce Ismay and his daughter Margaret, Lord and Lady Pirrie, the mayor of Belfast and other dignitaries. Not far from the bow were installed three more stands - two for invited guests, one for the press. [25] Like the rest of the court of "White Star Line", "Titanic" did not go through the traditional 'baptismal ", ie on its board did not break a bottle of champagne. At 12:14 the "Titanic" for 62 seconds safely descended stern forward the stocks in the River Lagan.

The first and last flight.

Command "Titanic" in the first flight was instructed Edward Smith - the most experienced captain "White Star Line", his captain's experience includes 25 years. Smith led a crew of more than 900 people, of whom only 23 are women (mainly stewardesses) [99]. In the crew of "Titanic" were 8 officers, 324 members of machine instruction (mechanics, firemen, oilers, shtivschiki) [100], 58 members of the deck crew (steering, vperёdsmotryaschie, cleaners) [101], 335 stewards [102], 69 people serving staff dining salons (Chef, Waiting) [103], 8 musicians [104], 5 employees Post Office [105], as well as sports instructors, prachechniki, typographer [106], the ship is engaged in publishing newspapers, and others. For transatlantic vessels Do not attach a single part of the crew, it varies from flight to flight. On the "Titanic" some members of the crew were taken just a few hours before departure, and they do not have time to become familiar with the liner [107]. Admission to the command of "Titanic" began on March 23, that is for 2.5 weeks before departure from Southampton. Part of the crew was taken back in Belfast, where the ship undergoing sea trials.

Padrone Edward Smith on board the "Titanic"

• When "Titanic" has reached the lighthouse Fastned enru, indicates the beginning of the transatlantic route, the captain gave the command "Full speed ahead" and the ship has a top speed of 21 knots (39 km / h). In 1898, shipping companies, ships that provide a link between Europe and North America, have signed an agreement on the maintenance of some of the lines used at different times of the year. First of all, it was to allow vessels to avoid, especially in certain months, the areas where there was a threat of ice and fog. In addition, certain courses exactly when moving from east to west and back should help minimize the risk of collisions walking towards each other vessels. Finally, in the event of an accident at sea corridors established by the North Atlantic can count on rapid assistance from another vessel was walking the same route [138]. From January 15 to August 14 ships were ordered to move to the southern route, the turning point for New York was located about 750 km south-east of the island of Newfoundland. This was done in order to get around the Grand Banks area, where accumulates a large number of icebergs.

• April 10, 1912 "Titanic" sailed from Southampton on its first voyage. Having made a stop in frantsuzskomSherbure Irish and Queenstown, the ship went out into the Atlantic Ocean from 1317 passengers and 908 crew members on board. Commanded a ship captain Edward Smith. April 14 radio "Titanic" took seven ice warnings, but the liner continued to move almost at top speed. At 23:39 on April 14 vperёdsmotryaschy reported to the bridge of the iceberg dead ahead. Less than a minute later there was a collision. Received large holes, the ship began to sink. As places in the boats only had enough for half the occupants, they planted primarily women and children. At 2:20 on April 15, broke into two parts, "Titanic" sank, killing 1,496 people. 712 people took the survivors steamship "Carpathia" . The wreckage of the "Titanic" lie at a depth of 3750 m. They were first discovered by Robert Ballard's expedition in 1985. Subsequent expeditions raised from the bottom of thousands of artifacts. Fore and aft in the bottom left deep mud and are in poor condition, lifting them to the surface in one piece is not possible.

The end.