"Еда в России и Великобритании"

Food in Russia and Britain

Finished: 9th grade student Alina Tukhvatullina

• “ On the Continent people have good food; in England people have good table manners“. – George Mikes.
• Most tourists visiting Britain agree with this. But why? British tastes differ from the tastes of people of other nationalities. However, British food is that it has almost no taste. For example, vegetables can require many flavors.
• Another explanation for this is that most tourists, while in Britain, do not have the opportunity to try homemade food. They eat in dining rooms, cheap restaurants and cafes. In these places you definitely will not try good British food. Typical British food is something very fried and the British believe that it is necessary to eat it hot. It is worth adding that the British do not have the habit of serving sauces for fried foods, and in fact they make the food tastier.

Food attitude

• They say that in Britain there is no restaurant culture. In the middle of the day, when the British have an hour-long lunch break, people want to eat quickly and do not think about the quality of the food. Young people and families with children who eat at fast food restaurants are simply not interested in quality. As for coffee, it is terrible in Britain and people drink it not for pleasure, but in order to get their dose of caffeine.
• Holidays and parties are held without special feasts, in contrast to how this happens in Russia. If a Briton expresses a desire to cook a barbecue, this does not mean that he wants to do it, it means that he just likes the atmosphere of barbecue.
• The British people are mostly urban and have little idea of ​​what can grow on earth. Therefore, the variety of plants that they eat is narrow. For most people, the idea of ​​collecting wild plants for cooking is exotic. When the British want to hurt people from another country, they turn to them in accordance with their eating habits. For how strange the Germans are cooking cabbage, they are called ‘krauts’. Because the French eat frog legs, they are called ‘frogs’.

What do the British eat

• ‘ Fry up’ is an informal phrase that is used to refer to several products that fire together. The most popular of them are eggs, bacon, sausage, tomatoes, mushrooms and even bread.

It is not always used as a supplement to food. It is usually not on the table when the British have dinner or eat lunch. He usually has oil, and you have everything you need. For the preparation of confectionery, both spicy and sweet. They are called "pies."

Eggs in Britain are cooked using different technologies. They are either fried (fried eggs), or cooked soft-boiled (soft-boiled), or they are eaten from an “egg cup” (a small container in which boiled eggs are stored while you eat it), they also cook hard-boiled (hard-boiled) eggs and you can put them on a sandwich or have hands.

I have dessert at the end of the meal. It is called either “pudding”, or “sweet” or “desert” (the name depends on the social class of the person who eats it). Very often the British eat for dessert.

Sugar consumption worldwide in terms of the amount of sugar consumed is more than five kilograms per person per year. The British are very fond of the sweet “sweets” (the Americans have “sweets”).

When people eat what: meals

• 'Breakfast' is usually cereal ('packeted' cereal '(eg cornflakes) and / or toast with jam, but this is not a traditional English breakfast. As for a typical English breakfast, it is usually bacon, eggs, sausage, mushrooms, baked beans, tea and toast. There is such a thing as 'full English breakfast' - this means that breakfast also serves porridge and fruit juice. But now only one out of ten Britons prefers English breakfast.'Elevenses' is usually a cup of tea or coffee, a bit of biscuit, and it is usually British who eat around 11 a.m.

‘ Lunch’ - usually eaten at one in the afternoon (shops usually close for lunch from 13 to 14). But schoolchildren and those people who start working at 8 a.m. usually eat lunch earlier.

For urban workers (and for a large number of residents in Scotland and Ireland) tea is an evening drink and they drink it when people come home from work around 6 pm. For other classes of people, it is typical to drink tea and have a snack around 4 pm.

‘ Afternoon tea’ - is a small meal, not a drink. Now British families do not have time for ‘afternoon tea’ at home, but before that it was a tradition. It became popular about 150 years ago when wealthy ladies invited friends for a cup of tea. They offered their visitors sandwiches and cakes.

But the British working class have a bite to eat in the middle of the day and after work between 5 and 7 hours. These meals are called 'high tea', or simply 'tea'. ‘High tea’ is a meal where there is a main course - meat or fish, plus bread and butter and cakes. And also a lot of tea.

'Supper' is a word for evening meal for those who do not call it ‘tea '.

'Dinner' - also used to denote an evening meal. This suggests a hearty meal, and they eat it quite late at around 10 pm. This word is associated with some formality (many people say 'Christmas dinner'). Also, this word is used to indicate the eating of schoolchildren in the middle of the day.

English Tea

• “ If you are cold, tea will warm you. If you are hot - it will cool you. Tea will cheer you up if you are in a depressed mood, and if you are excited, it will calm you down. ” Herbert D. Gladstone, Prime Minister of Great Britain (1854-1930)
• Of course, one cannot help but remember the English love for tea. The British drink almost 2 billion cups of tea per day. This is approximately 1040 cups of tea per year for one Briton.
• For an Englishman, tea is not just a tradition, but a way of life. The English tradition of tea drinking originated in the 17th century, since then it has constantly evolved and improved.

• Etiquette provides the following order of tea preparation: the water should be just boiled, the teapot should be warmed up, the tea leaf should be infused for 5-7 minutes, and the fragrant drink should be poured into elegant porcelain cups. Usually tea is brewed in porcelain teapots per one teaspoon of tea per person. Drink tea should only be fresh to feel pleasant astringency and catch the fragrant aroma of tea. Usually tea is drunk around 4-5 pm. There is a wide variety of teas in England, but the most popular variety is the English Breakfast. As a rule, milk and sugar are added to tea (optional).

The nature of Russian cuisine

• Features of the national cuisine are better preserved than, for example, typical features of clothing or housing. The taste of Russian dishes is expressive. In Russian cuisine a lot of various products are used. In areas with a harsh climate, dishes are very dense, have high energy value and therefore they contain a lot of fat (sour cream, ice cream and cheeses. In Russia, they do not boast that they contain 0.5% fat, but vice versa).

History and traditions of Russian cuisine

• At the beginning of the history of Russian cuisine, dishes were prepared from bread, flour, dairy products, various types of porridge and everything that the forest gave - honey, berries, nuts, mushrooms (the population of southern Russia is cautious about mushrooms, afraid to eat them). The meat was considered a festive dish. People drank kvass and mead. The Russians learned how to preserve and preserve food — they smoked, dried, salted, sauced vegetables and fruits, pickled, salted (cucumbers, garlic, grape leaves, wild garlic), prepared jams. Dried plums are called prunes, apricots dried apricots, grapes raisins. All of these products are available on the market.

• Bread - played and plays the most important role in everyday and festive food of a person. Russians say: “bread is the head of everything”. Russian rye bread, but white bread or pita bread is also sold (white bread from the south or Central Asia in the form of a large flat cake).

• Bread is eaten to everything (to soup, to the second) throughout the day. Russian bread was very revered: according to the old tradition, dropped bread should be picked up, wiped, kissed and apologized to him for negligence. Never have people thrown bread crumbs. The guests were greeted with the words “bread is salt”.

Russian national dishes:

Dishes from yeast dough - pies and pies, pastries, cakes

Sweets - delicious chocolate, ice cream (sold even in winter on the street), sweets (weighted), cookies (also sold from bags by weight).

Dairy products - fresh milk is also sold on the street from tanks, fermented baked milk is made from sour milk, curd products are common - curd mass (with dried apricots, prunes, raisins), cheese.

Other typical Russian dishes are pancakes (round with different fillings), pelmenib, and drying.

Festive and ceremonial dishes

Christmas - Coming

Shrovetide - pancakes with butter

Easter - Easter cake, eggs, Easter, do not eat hot dishes

wake - pancakes, kutya, white jelly

Snacks - there are a lot of them on the table and remain during the whole meeting. - salads, pickles (vegetables, mushrooms, fish), pies with different fillings (meat, fish, cabbage, potatoes, rice and egg, apples, lemon, various types of jam), smoked meat, fish, sausage, ham, caviar - black from sturgeon, which is valued more than red salmon.

Soups are hearty, dense, they are cooked on water or kvass, sour cream is often added to a bowl of soup.

cabbage soup - from cabbage, there are about 60 species of cabbage soup

borsch - red soup from cabbage, beets, carrots, meat

hodgepodge - with pickles

fish soup - fish soup

cold soups - okroshka, pickle, beetroot soup

Meat dishes - kebab (pieces of lamb), cabbage rolls (minced meat in cabbage leaves) Fish - fish are eaten in Russia more often than ours - salmon, salmon, and pink salmon.

Tea party

Tea is brewed in a special teapot, allowed to stand, and then the tea leaves are poured into cups and added with boiling water or tea is prepared in a samovar. Sweet tea is served for tea: jam (cherry is most appreciated), sweets, cakes, buns, cookies. Tea parties usually end the day, exchange news, talk about the events of the day, the whole family gathers for tea.

A samovar is a “self-heating appliance”. It consists of a “vase” (in it a brazier for coal with a pipe), handles, a hotplate of a teapot, a spout with a wrench. In each house, the samovar occupied an important place in the interior of the living room or dining room - during tea drinking it was put on the table or on a special table, the hostess or the eldest daughter poured tea. Samovars gradually began to look not like teapots, but like decorative vases, then they became simpler and stricter, and finally became electric. Today, the samovar has ceased to be a thing of prime necessity.

Findings:

• he attitude of Russians and British towards food is different, but there are common feature.Both Russians and British like fast food restaurants because it saves time and effort.
• Both Russian and British cuisine have a wide variety of dishes, but in everyday life both Russians and British prefer not to cook complex dishes.
• Both Russian and British are big sweet tooth. However, according to statistics, the British lead in the amount of sugar consumed per year.
• Both Russians and British rarely go to restaurants, and if they do, it’s more likely to “go to a restaurant” rather than to eat. As mentioned earlier, they both eat more often in fast food restaurants.
• Both there are also differences between Russian and British cuisine
• For Russians, any holiday is a compulsory feast, usually with a lot of food and alcohol. The British prefer to celebrate holidays without a feast. It should also be noted that “feast’ is a reality related to Russian cuisine.
• Bread is an integral part of the Russian table, any meal is necessary with bread. The British, as a rule, do not eat their dishes with bread; they use it to make sandwiches.
• Tea is a British tradition, the first association that arises with English cuisine. The British approach with great responsibility to the preparation of this drink. Russians also love tea, but not as much as the British. The British do not really like coffee, and few of them know what real coffee tastes like. Russians, on the contrary, love coffee, in any large city you can find many small cozy coffee houses.